Common Symptoms of CKD
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time. The classification of CKD is often based on its stages, which reflect the degree of kidney function impairment. Here are some common systems and classifications used to describe CKD:
Stage Classification (KDIGO): The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) system is commonly used to classify the stages of CKD based on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the presence of kidney damage. The stages are:
Stage 1: GFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m² with evidence of kidney damage (e.g., proteinuria).
Stage 2: GFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m² with evidence of kidney damage.
Stage 3: GFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m².
Stage 3a: GFR 45-59 mL/min/1.73 m².
Stage 3b: GFR 30-44 mL/min/1.73 m².
Stage 4: GFR 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m².
Stage 5: GFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m² or on dialysis (end-stage renal disease, ESRD).
Kidney Function Markers: Various systems and markers help assess kidney function and damage:
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR): Measures how well the kidneys are filtering blood.
Serum Creatinine: Elevated levels can indicate impaired kidney function.
Urinalysis: Checks for protein, blood, and other substances in the urine that may indicate kidney damage.
Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (ACR): Measures protein levels in the urine, important for diagnosing kidney damage.
Clinical Classification:
Diabetic Nephropathy: CKD resulting from diabetes, characterized by increased blood glucose levels damaging the kidneys.
Hypertensive Nephropathy: CKD resulting from chronic high blood pressure.
Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the glomeruli, which can lead to CKD.
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): A genetic disorder causing multiple cysts to form in the kidneys.
Chronic Interstitial Nephritis: Inflammation and scarring of the kidney’s interstitial tissue.
Treatment Systems:
Pharmacological: Medications to manage symptoms, control blood pressure, and reduce proteinuria.
Dialysis: Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis to artificially remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood when kidneys fail.
Kidney Transplant: Replacing a diseased kidney with a healthy donor kidney.
Each system provides a different perspective on CKD, from its progression and impact on kidney function to the management strategies and classifications based on underlying causes.
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Visit : https://drmukherjeenephrologist.com/
Prof (Dr) D Mukherjee is an alumnus of the prestigious Armed Forces Medical College, Pune where he did his MBBS & MD (Medicine). Subsequently he went on to do his DM (Nephrology) from PGIMER Chandigarh, which is the foremost training institution for nephrology in India.