What is Peritoneal Dialysis?

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a home-based kidney dialysis treatment that uses the body’s natural peritoneal membrane as a filter to remove waste and fluid from the blood. It is a preferred option for many patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or chronic kidney failure.

Overview of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Insertion

This procedure involves placing a flexible dialysis catheter into the abdominal cavity to facilitate the dialysis process. The procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia in a sterile surgical environment.

Preoperative Preparation

• Comprehensive medical evaluation for peritoneal dialysis eligibility.
• Review of abdominal health and prior surgeries.
• Use of local anesthesia and antibiotics to minimize infection risk.

Surgical Catheter Placement

1. Performed in an operating room under sterile conditions.
2. Small incision made in the lower abdomen.
3. Catheter inserted into the peritoneal cavity with a cuff for secure placement.
4. External catheter tunneled subcutaneously for dialysis access.

Postoperative Care and Recovery

• Monitor for infection, bleeding, or catheter issues.
• Catheter site care to prevent peritonitis.
• Avoid lifting and strenuous activity for 2–3 weeks.

When Can Dialysis Begin?

Dialysis can typically begin 2 weeks post-catheter insertion, once healing is complete. Exchanges involve filling, dwelling, and draining the dialysis solution at prescribed intervals.

Common Complications

• Peritonitis: Infection of the peritoneum; symptoms include fever, pain, and cloudy fluid.
• Catheter Misplacement: May need surgical correction if flow is impaired.
• Abdominal Hernia: Risk increases due to abdominal wall stress.

Advantages of Peritoneal Dialysis

• Greater flexibility for patients with home-based dialysis.
• Fewer hospital visits compared to hemodialysis.
• Continuous and gentle filtration is better tolerated.

Conclusion

Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Insertion is a critical step in initiating effective, flexible kidney dialysis for ESRD patients. With proper surgical technique and patient education, outcomes are significantly improved, reducing hospital dependency and enabling quality-of-life dialysis treatment.